He aha te papanga Polypropylene: Ngā āhuatanga, te āhua o tōna hanganga me te wāhi

He aha te papanga Polypropylene: Ngā āhuatanga, te āhua o tōna hanganga me te wāhi

nā te Rōpū Tautoko o Sewport • 25 Mei, 2022

He aha te papanga Polypropylene?

Ko te papanga polypropylene he kupu e whakamahia ana hei whakaahua i tētahi hua kakahu i ahu mai i te polymer polypropylene thermoplastic. Ko tēnei momo kirihou he wāhanga o te rōpū polyolefin, ā, he kore-polar, he āhua tioata hoki. I muri i te polyethylene, ko te polypropylene te tuarua o ngā kirihou e hangaia whānuitia ana i te ao, ā, he nui ake te whakamahinga i roto i ngā takai, i ngā kakau witi, me ētahi atu momo taonga kaihoko me ngā taonga ahumahi i roto i te hanga kakahu.

I whakawhanakehia tuatahitia tēnei momo kirihou e te kamupene Amerikana a Phillips Petroleum i te tau 1951. I ngana ngā tohunga matū a Robert Banks rāua ko J. Paul Hogan ki te whakaputa penehīni mai i te propylene, ā, i hangaia he polypropylene e rāua. Ahakoa i kiia he rahua tēnei whakamātautau, i tere te mōhiotia he kaha tēnei matū hou ki te rite ki te polyethylene i roto i ngā tono maha.

Heoi, tae noa ki te tau 1957, ka hangaia te polypropylene hei matū e tika ana mō te hanga papatipu. I te tau 1954, i angitu te matū a te kaimātai matū Itari a Giulio Natta me tana hoa mahi Tiamana ki te hanga i tēnei matū hei polymer isotactic, ā, ka tere te tīmatanga o te kamupene Itari a Montecatini ki te whakaputa i tēnei matū mō te whakamahi arumoni me te whakamahi a te kaihoko.

I te tīmatanga i hokohokohia te polypropylene i raro i te ingoa "Moplen," ā, he tohu hokohoko rēhita tonu tēnei ingoa nā te kamupene LyondellBasell. Heoi, he mea noa ake te kitea o tēnei matū e kīia ana ko te polypropylene, ko te "polypro" rānei hei whakarāpopototanga.

He tūru papa me te tuanui me te whitiki i hangaia ki te papanga polypropylene i te hina kūkupa

I te piki haere o te rongonui o te polypropylene i roto i ngā mahi a te kaihoko me te ahumahi, ka kitea haeretia te kaha o tēnei momo kirihou hei kakahu. He kakahu kore-whatu te kakahu polypropylene, arā, he mea hanga tika mai i tētahi rauemi, kāore he hiahia ki te miro, ki te whatu rānei. Ko te painga matua o te polypropylene hei kakahu ko tōna kaha ki te whakawhiti makuku; kāore e taea e tēnei kakahu te mimiti i te makuku, engari, ka puta katoa te makuku mā roto i te kakahu polypropylene.

Mā tēnei āhuatanga ka tere ake te mimiti o te makuku i te wā e mau ana i te kākahu polypropylene i tērā i te wā e mau ana i te kākahu pupuri makuku. Nō reira, he rongonui tēnei papanga i roto i ngā papanga e mau tata ana ki te kiri. Heoi, he āhua mimiti, he pupuri hoki te polypro i ngā haunga tinana ina whakamahia mō ngā kākahu o roto, ā, ka rewa anō hoki i ngā pāmahana iti. Ka taea e te papanga polypro rewa te whakawera kino, ā, nā tēnei take anō hoki e kore ai e taea te horoi i tēnei papanga i ngā pāmahana teitei.

Ko te papanga polypropylene tētahi o ngā muka hangai māmā rawa atu o te ao, ā, he tino ātete ki te nuinga o ngā waikawa me ngā kawakore. Hei tāpiri, he iti ake te kawe wera o tēnei matū i te nuinga o ngā muka hangai, ko te tikanga he tino pai mō te mau i te rangi makariri.

Kakahu Whakapuru Polypropylene Whatu Kete Beige me te Mā

Hei tāpiritanga, he tino ātete tēnei papanga ki te pakaru, ā, he ātete anō hoki ki ngā pepeke me ētahi atu pepeke. Nā ōna āhuatanga kirihou wera rongonui, he ngāwari te hanga i te kirihou polypro ki ngā āhua me ngā āhua rerekē, ā, ka taea te hanga anō mā te whakarewa. Kāore hoki tēnei kirihou e tino pāngia e te pakaru ahotea.

Heoi, he uaua rawa te tae o te polypro i muri i te hanga, ā, he uaua hoki te hanga i tēnei papanga kia rerekē ngā kakano. He ngāwari tēnei papanga ki te kino o te hihi UV, ā, kāore e piri pai ki te rapa, ki ngā epoxies rānei. Pērā i ngā papanga hangai katoa, he pānga kino nui anō hoki tō te papanga polypropylene ki te taiao.

Me pēhea te hanga i te papanga polypropylene?

Pērā i te nuinga o ngā momo kirihou, he mea hanga te polypro mai i ngā matū i ahu mai i ngā wahie hauwaiwai pērā i te hinu hinu. Tuatahi, ka tangohia te monomer propylene mai i te hinu mata i roto i te āhua hau, kātahi ka tukuna tēnei monomer ki tētahi tukanga e kiia nei ko te chain-growth polymerization hei hanga i te polymer polymer polypropylene.

Kia honoa te maha o ngā monomer propylene, ka hangaia he kirihou totoka. Hei hanga i tētahi kakahu ka taea te whakamahi, me whakaranu te kapia polypropylene ki te whānuitanga o ngā momo plasticizers, fixers, me ngā whakakī. Ka tāpirihia ēnei tāpiringa ki roto i te polypro rewa, ā, kia whiwhihia te matū e hiahiatia ana, ka tukuna pea tēnei kirihou kia whakamatao hei pereki, hei pirepire rānei.

Kātahi ka whakawhitia ēnei pirepire, ēnei pereki rānei ki tētahi wheketere kakahu, ā, ka whakarewahia anō. I te nuinga o te wā, ka hangaia tēnei polypropylene hei rau, ka tukuna rānei kia whakamatao i roto i ngā pokepoke. Mena ka hangaia he rau, ka tapahia ēnei muka angiangi ki te āhua e hiahiatia ana, ā, ka tuia, ka whakapirihia rānei hei hanga kākahu, hei nāpi rānei. He maha ngā momo tikanga hanga rerekē e whakamahia ana hei hanga i te polypropylene hei hua kore-kākahu.

Me pēhea te whakamahi i te papanga polypropylene?

He mea noa te whakamahi i te papanga Polypro i roto i ngā mahi kākahu e hiahiatia ana te whakawhiti makuku. Hei tauira, he mea noa te whakamahi i tēnei momo kirihou hei hanga i ngā whāriki o runga mō ngā nāpi, arā, ngā wāhanga o ngā nāpi e pā tika ana ki te kiri. Mā te whakamahi i te polypropylene mō tēnei wāhanga nāpi, ka tino mōhiotia kāore he makuku e pā tonu ana ki te kiri o te pēpi, ā, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te puta o ngā ponana.

Nā te kaha o tēnei papanga kore-whatu ki te whakawhiti makuku, kua rongonui ai hoki hei papanga mō ngā kākahu makariri. Hei tauira, i whakamahia tēnei mea hanga hei hanga i ngā kākahu o roto me ngā hāte o roto i whakamahia i te whakatupuranga tuatahi o te Pūnaha Kākahu Matao Whakaroa (ECWCS) a te Ope Taua o Amerika. I kitea ko ngā kākahu i hangaia mai i tēnei papanga i whakapai ake i te whakamarie o ngā hōia i ngā āhuatanga makariri, engari nā ngā raruraru ki ngā papanga polypro kua huri te ope taua o te Hononga o Amerika ki te whakatupuranga hou o ngā papanga polyester mō ā rātou pūnaha ECWCS o te Whakatipuranga II me te Whakatipuranga III.

I ētahi wā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te papanga polypropylene hei hanga kākahu hākinakina, engari he maha ngā take e pā ana ki tēnei momo kirihou kua nui ake te rongonui o ngā putanga hou o te polyester mō tēnei tono. Ahakoa he tino hiahiatia ngā āhuatanga whakawhiti makuku o tēnei papanga mō ngā kākahu hākinakina, nā te kore e taea te horoi i tēnei papanga ki te wai wera ka uaua te tango i ngā haunga mai i ngā kākahu hākinakina polypropylene. Hei tāpiri, ko te ngawari o tēnei papanga ki te kino o te UV ka waiho hei kōwhiringa kino mō ngā momo kākahu o waho katoa.

Haunga te ao o ngā kākahu, e whakamahia ana te kirihou polypropylene i roto i ngā mano tini o ngā whakamahinga rerekē. Ko tētahi o ngā whakamahinga rongonui o tēnei matū ko roto i ngā ngongo inu; ahakoa i hangaia ngā ngongo mai i te pepa i te tīmatanga, ko te polypropylene te rauemi pai mō tēnei whakamahinga ināianei. Ka whakamahia hoki tēnei kirihou hei hanga taura, tapanga kai, takai kai, mōhiti kanohi, me ngā momo putea rerekē.

Kei hea te hanga o te papanga polypropylene?

Ko Haina te whenua hokohoko nui rawa atu o ngā hua polypropylene i tēnei wā. I te tau 2016, i hangaia e ngā wheketere o tēnei whenua he nui o ngā kirihou polypro e $5.9 piriona te uara, ā, e matapaetia ana ka noho pumau tonu tēnei huarahi mō ngā rā kei mua.

He nui hoki te hanga o tēnei matū i Tiamana; tata ki te $2.5 piriona te utu o te polypropylene i whakaputaina e tēnei whenua i te tau 2016, ā, ko Itari, Wīwī, Mehiko, me Perehiuma hoki ngā kaihanga nui o tēnei matū. I te tau 2016, i whakaputaina e te Hononga o Amerika te $1.1 piriona i roto i ngā hua polypro.

Ko LyondellBasell te kaitākaro nui rawa atu i roto i te umanga hanga polypropylene o te ao. Kei roto tēnei kamupene i te Netherlands, ā, kei Houston me Rānana ōna turanga mahi.

Ko te tuarua o tēnei umanga ko te Rōpū Sinopec, kei Beijing tōna turanga, me te Rōpū PetroChina, kei Beijing anō hoki tōna turanga. Ko ngā kaihanga matua tekau o tēnei matū e 55 ōrau o te katoa o te hanga polypropylene o te ao.

Ka tukatukahia te polypropylene hei papanga puta noa i te ao. Ko Haina te kaihanga nui rawa atu o ngā papanga polypro kua oti, ā, ka tuia hoki tēnei momo papanga ki roto i ngā kākahu me ētahi atu momo papanga i Īnia, Pakitāne, Initonīhia, me ētahi atu whenua.

E hia te utu mō te papanga polypropylene?

Kei te whakauruhia te arai papanga polypropylene ki roto i te moenga hita kua whakaarahia

Nā te mea ko te polypro tētahi o ngā momo kirihou e tino whānuitia ana te hanga, he iti te utu i te nuinga o te wā. He maha ngā wheketere nui e whakataetae ana tetahi ki tetahi ki te hopu i te mākete kirihou o te ao, ā, nā tēnei whakataetae ka iti ake ngā utu.

Heoi anō, he nui pea te utu o te papanga polypropylene. Ko te take matua o tēnei pikinga utu ko te korenga o te tono; ahakoa i whakamahia pinepinetia te papanga polypropylene hei hanga kākahu wera o roto, nā ngā whanaketanga hou o te hanga polyester kua kore e whakamahia whānuitia tēnei momo papanga. Nō reira, he nui ake te utu o tēnei momo papanga ki ngā kaihanga kakahu i ngā papanga hangai rite, pērā i te polyester, ā, ko tēnei utu pikinga ka tukuna ki te kaihoko whakamutunga.

Heoi, he mea nui kia whakamāramahia ko tēnei utu pikinga e pā ana ki te papanga polypropylene i hangaia hei hanga kākahu. He iti noa ngā utu e hokona ana mō ngā momo papanga polypropylene kāore e pai mō ngā kākahu, ā, he iti noa te utu i te nuinga o te wā. He maha ngā tae me ngā kakano o ēnei papanga.

He aha ngā momo papanga polypropylene rerekē kei reira?

He maha ngā momo tāpiri ka taea te tāpiri ki te polypro i a ia e wai ana hei whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga o tēnei rauemi. Hei tāpiri, e rua ngā momo matua o tēnei kirihou:

• Polypropylene Homopolymer: E kiia ana te kirihou Polypro he homopolymer ina kei roto i tōna āhua taketake, kāore he tāpiringa. Kāore tēnei momo kirihou Polypro i te whakaarohia whānuitia he rauemi pai mō te papanga.

• Polypropylene Copolymer: Ko te nuinga o ngā momo papanga polypropylene he copolymer. Ka wehea anō tēnei momo kirihou polypro ki te polypropylene copolymer poraka me te polypropylene copolymer matapōkere. Ko ngā waeine co-monomer i roto i te āhua poraka o tēnei kirihou kua whakaritea kia rite ki ngā tauira tapawhā rite, engari ko ngā waeine co-monomer i roto i te āhua matapōkere kua whakaritea kia rite ki ngā tauira matapōkere. He pai te polypropylene poraka, te polypropylene matapōkere rānei mō ngā tono papanga, engari he nui ake te whakamahinga o te kirihou poraka polypro.