Ko te Ture Whakaiti Pikinga Utu (IRA), i hainatia hei ture e te Perehitini Joe Biden i te 15 o Ākuhata, kei roto i ngā whakaritenga neke atu i te $369 piriona e aro ana ki te whawhai ki te huringa āhuarangi mō te tekau tau e whai ake nei. Ko te nuinga o te kete āhuarangi he whakahokinga taake ā-motu tae atu ki te $7,500 mō te hoko o ngā momo waka hiko, tae atu ki ngā mea kua whakamahia i hangaia i Amerika Te Raki.
Ko te rerekētanga matua mai i ngā kaupapa whakatenatena EV o mua, kia tika ai te whiwhinga taake, me hanga ngā EV o muri mai ki Amerika Te Raki anake, engari me hanga hoki mai i ngā pākahiko i hangaia i roto i te motu, i ngā whenua hokohoko kore utu rānei. Ko te ture hou he whakatenatena i ngā kaihanga waka hiko ki te neke i ā rātou mekameka tuku mai i ngā whenua whakawhanake ki te US, engari kei te whakaaro ngā tāngata o roto i te umanga mēnā ka puta te nekehanga i roto i ngā tau torutoru e whai ake nei, e ai ki te tumanako a te kāwanatanga, kāore rānei.
E rua ngā āhuatanga o ngā pākahiko waka hiko e whakatakotoria ana e te IRA: ko ōna wāhanga, pērā i ngā rauemi hohe o te pākahiko me te hikohiko, me ngā kohuke e whakamahia ana hei hanga i aua wāhanga.
Mai i te tau e tū mai nei, me hanga te haurua o ngā wāhanga pākahiko o ngā waka hiko e tika ana ki Amerika Te Raki, ā, ko te 40% o ngā rauemi mata pākahiko ka ahu mai i te US, i ōna hoa hokohoko rānei. Hei te tau 2028, ka piki ake te ōrau iti rawa e hiahiatia ana i ia tau ki te 80% mō ngā rauemi mata pākahiko, me te 100% mō ngā wāhanga.
Kua tīmata ētahi kaihanga waka, tae atu ki a Tesla me General Motors, ki te whakawhanake i ā rātou ake pākahiko i ngā wheketere i te US me Kanata. Hei tauira, kei te hanga a Tesla i tētahi momo pākahiko hou i tana wheketere i Nevada, e kiia ana he roa ake te awhe i ērā e kawemai ana mai i Hapani. Mā tēnei whakaurunga poutū ka āwhina pea i ngā kaihanga waka hiko ki te whakaoti i ngā whakamātautau pākahiko IRA. Engari ko te raru tūturu ko te wāhi e whiwhi ai te kamupene i ngā rauemi mata mō ngā pākahiko.
Ko ngā pākahiko waka hiko he mea hanga i te nikara, te konutai me te konupora (ngā huānga matua e toru o te katote), te karāpeti (anote), te riuiti me te parahi. E mōhiotia ana ko ngā "ono nui" o te umanga pākahiko, ko te keri me te tukatuka i ēnei kohuke kei raro i te mana whakahaere o Haina, e whakaahuatia ana e te whakahaerenga Biden he "hinonga ke e āwangawanga ana." Ko ngā waka hiko katoa i hangaia i muri i te tau 2025 kei roto ngā rauemi mai i Haina ka tangohia mai i te whiwhinga taake ā-motu, e ai ki te IRA. Neke atu i te 30 ngā kohuke pākahiko e whakarārangihia ana e te ture e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga ōrau whakaputa.
E 80 ōrau o ngā mahi tukatuka cobalt o te ao kei ngā kamupene kāwanatanga o Haina, ā, neke atu i te 90 ōrau o ngā whare hanga nikara, manganese me te graphite. "Ki te hoko koe i ngā pākahiko mai i ngā kamupene i Hapani me Kōrea ki te Tonga, pērā i te nuinga o ngā kaihanga motuka, tera pea kei roto i ō pākahiko ngā rauemi hangarua i Haina," te kī a Trent Mell, te tumuaki o Electra Battery Materials, he kamupene Kānata e hoko ana i ngā taonga o te cobalt tukatuka o te ao. Kaihanga waka hiko.
"Tērā pea ka hiahia ngā kaihanga waka ki te whakanui ake i ngā waka hiko kia tika mō te whiwhinga taake. Engari kei hea rātou e kimi ai i ngā kaiwhakarato pākahiko whai mana? I tēnei wā, kāore he kōwhiringa a ngā kaihanga waka," te kī a Lewis Black, te Tumu Whakarae o Almonty Industries. Ko te kamupene tētahi o ngā kaiwhakarato maha i waho o Haina o te tungsten, tētahi atu kohuke e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā anode me ngā cathode o ētahi pākahiko waka hiko i waho o Haina, e ai ki te kamupene. (Neke atu i te 80% o te tuku tungsten o te ao e whakahaerehia ana e Haina). Ngā maina me ngā tukanga a Almonty i Spain, Portugal me Korea ki te Tonga.
Ko te mana o Haina i ngā rauemi mata pākahiko he hua nō ngā tekau tau o ngā kaupapa here me te haumitanga kaha a te kāwanatanga – ka taea te tārua i te ruarua a Black i ngā whenua o te Hauāuru.
"I roto i ngā tau 30 kua pahure ake nei, kua whakawhanakehia e Haina tētahi mekameka tuku rauemi mata pākahiko tino whai hua," te kī a Black. "I roto i ngā ōhanga o te Hauāuru, ka waru tau, neke atu rānei te roa o te whakatuwheratanga o tētahi whare keri hou, whare whakapai hinu rānei."
I kī a Mell o Electra Battery Materials ko tana kamupene, i mua ko Cobalt First, ko ia anake te kaihanga konupora i Amerika Te Raki mō ngā pākahiko waka hiko. Ka whiwhi te kamupene i te konupora mata mai i tētahi maina i Idaho, ā, kei te hanga i tētahi whare whakapai hinu i Ontario, Kanata, e tika ana kia tīmata ngā mahi i te tīmatanga o te tau 2023. Kei te hanga a Electra i tētahi atu whare whakapai hinu nikara i te kawanatanga o Quebec i Kanata.
"Kāore i te kaha o Amerika Te Raki ki te hangarua i ngā rauemi pākahiko. Engari ki taku whakaaro ka akiakihia e tēnei pire tētahi huringa hou o te haumi ki te mekameka tuku pākahiko," te kī a Meyer.
E mārama ana mātou kei te pirangi koe ki te whakahaere i tō wheako ipurangi. Engari mā te moni whiwhi pānuitanga ka tautoko i tā mātou mahi pāpāho. Ki te hiahia koe ki te pānui i tā mātou kōrero katoa, tēnā monokia tō aukati pānuitanga. Ka nui te mihi ki ngā āwhina katoa.
Wā tuku: 31 o Ākuhata-2022
