Ko te carbide te momo rauemi taputapu miihini tere-teitei (HSM) e whakamahia whānuitia ana, e hangaia ana mā roto i ngā tukanga whakarewa paura, ā, he matūriki carbide mārō (ko te nuinga he tungsten carbide WC) me te hanganga hononga konganuku ngawari ake. I tēnei wā, e rau ngā carbide sima e hangai ana ki te WC me ngā hanganga rerekē, ko te nuinga o ēnei e whakamahi ana i te cobalt (Co) hei here, ko te nickel (Ni) me te chromium (Cr) he mea here e whakamahia whānuitia ana, ā, ka taea hoki te tāpiri atu i ētahi atu. ētahi huānga whakarewa. He aha te maha o ngā momo carbide? Me pēhea te whiriwhiri a ngā kaihanga taputapu i te rauemi taputapu tika mō tētahi mahi tapahi motuhake? Hei whakautu i ēnei pātai, me titiro tuatahi ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē e pai ai te carbide sima hei rauemi taputapu.
te pakari me te pakari
He painga motuhake tō te kāpira sima WC-Co mō te pakeke me te pakari. He tino pakeke te kāpira tungsten (WC) (he nui ake i te korundum, i te alumina rānei), ā, kāore i te tino heke tōna pakeke i te pikinga o te pāmahana mahi. Heoi, kāore i te rawaka tōna pakari, he āhuatanga nui mō ngā taputapu tapahi. Hei whakamahi i te pakeketanga teitei o te kāpira tungsten me te whakapai ake i tōna pakari, ka whakamahia e te tangata ngā hononga whakarewa hei hono i te kāpira tungsten, kia nui ake ai te pakeketanga o tēnei rauemi i te maitai tere-rahi, me te kaha ki te tu atu i te nuinga o ngā mahi tapahi. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e ia te tu atu i ngā pāmahana tapahi teitei i puta mai i te miihini tere-rahi.
I ēnei rā, tata katoa ngā maripi me ngā whakaurunga WC-Co kua pania, nō reira te āhua nei kāore i te tino hira te mahi a te rauemi turanga. Engari ko te mea pono, ko te modulus tere teitei o te rauemi WC-Co (he ine i te pakari, e toru ngā wā o te maitai tere-rahi i te pāmahana rūma) e whakarato ana i te papa kore e taea te whakarerekē mō te paninga. Ka whakaratohia hoki e te matihiko WC-Co te pakari e hiahiatia ana. Ko ēnei āhuatanga ngā āhuatanga taketake o ngā rauemi WC-Co, engari ka taea hoki te whakarite i ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi mā te whakarerekē i te hanganga rauemi me te hanganga moroiti i te wā e whakaputa ana i ngā paura carbide sima. Nō reira, ko te pai o te mahi taputapu ki tētahi mīhini motuhake e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tukanga mira tuatahi.
Te tukanga mira
Ka whiwhihia te paura kāpira tungsten mā te whakakāpira i te paura tungsten (W). Ko ngā āhuatanga o te paura kāpira tungsten (ina koa tōna rahi matūriki) e whakawhirinaki ana ki te rahi matūriki o te rauemi mata o te paura tungsten me te pāmahana me te wā o te whakakāpira. He mea nui hoki te whakahaere matū, ā, me pupuri tonu te ihirangi waro (tata ki te uara stoichiometric o te 6.13% mā te taumaha). Ka taea te tāpiri i tētahi iti o te vanadium me/ranei te chromium i mua i te maimoatanga whakakāpira hei whakahaere i te rahi matūriki paura mā roto i ngā tukanga e whai ake nei. Ko ngā āhuatanga tukanga o muri me ngā whakamahinga tukatuka mutunga rerekē e hiahia ana ki tētahi huinga motuhake o te rahi matūriki kāpira tungsten, te ihirangi waro, te ihirangi vanadium me te ihirangi chromium, e taea ai te whakaputa i ngā momo paura kāpira tungsten rerekē. Hei tauira, ko ATI Alldyne, he kaihanga paura kāpira tungsten, e whakaputa ana i te 23 ngā momo paerewa o te paura kāpira tungsten, ā, ko ngā momo paura kāpira tungsten kua whakaritea kia rite ki ngā hiahia o te kaiwhakamahi ka taea te eke ki te neke atu i te 5 ngā wā i ngā momo paerewa o te paura kāpira tungsten.
I te whakaranu me te huri i te paura tungsten carbide me te hononga whakarewa hei whakaputa i tētahi taumata paura carbide sima, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā momo huinga. Ko te ihirangi cobalt e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te 3% – 25% (ōwehenga taumaha), ā, ki te hiahia kia whakarei ake te ātete ki te waikura o te taputapu, me tāpiri te nikara me te chromium. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te whakapai ake i te hononga whakarewa mā te tāpiri i ētahi atu wāhanga koranu. Hei tauira, mā te tāpiri i te ruthenium ki te carbide sima WC-Co ka taea te whakapai ake i tōna pakari me te kore e whakaiti i tōna pakeke. Mā te whakanui ake i te ihirangi o te here ka taea hoki te whakapai ake i te pakari o te carbide sima, engari ka whakaitihia tōna pakeke.
Mā te whakaiti i te rahi o ngā matūriki kāpira tungsten ka taea te whakanui ake i te pakeke o te rauemi, engari me noho tonu te rahi o te matūriki o te kāpira tungsten i te wā o te tukanga whakapūkara. I te wā o te whakapūkara, ka whakakotahi ngā matūriki kāpira tungsten ka tipu mā te tukanga whakarewa me te whakapūkara anō. I roto i te tukanga whakapūkara tuturu, kia hanga he rauemi tino matotoru, ka wai te hononga whakarewa (e kiia ana ko te whakapūkara ā-wāhanga wai). Ka taea te whakahaere i te tere tipu o ngā matūriki kāpira tungsten mā te tāpiri i ētahi atu kāpira whakarewa whakawhiti, tae atu ki te kāpira vanadium (VC), te kāpira chromium (Cr3C2), te kāpira titanium (TiC), te kāpira tantalum (TaC), me te kāpira niobium (NbC). Ko ēnei kāpira whakarewa ka tāpirihia i te nuinga o te wā ina whakaranua te paura kāpira tungsten ka mirahia ki te hononga whakarewa, ahakoa ka taea hoki te hanga i te kāpira vanadium me te kāpira chromium ina whakapūkaratia te paura kāpira tungsten.
Ka taea hoki te whakaputa i te paura kāpirati tungsten mā te whakamahi i ngā para hangarua o ngā rauemi kāpirati sima. He roa te hītori o te hangarua me te whakamahi anō i te kāpirati para i roto i te umanga kāpirati sima, ā, he wāhanga nui o te mekameka ōhanga katoa o te umanga, e āwhina ana ki te whakaiti i ngā utu rauemi, te penapena rauemi taiao me te karo i ngā rauemi para. Te whakakorenga kino. Ko te tikanga, ka taea te whakamahi anō i te kāpirati sima para mā te tukanga APT (ammonium paratungstate), te tukanga whakaora konutea, te kuru rānei. Ko ēnei paura kāpirati tungsten "hangarua" he pai ake te whakakīkī, he matapae hoki nā te mea he iti ake te horahanga mata i ngā paura kāpirati tungsten i hangaia tika mā te tukanga whakakāpirati tungsten.
Ko ngā āhuatanga tukatuka o te huri ranunga o te paura tungsten carbide me te here whakarewa he tawhā tukanga nui anō hoki. Ko ngā tikanga mira e rua e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te mira pōro me te mira iti. Mā ngā tukanga e rua ka taea te whakaranu ōrite o ngā paura mira me te whakaiti i te rahi o te matūriki. Kia kaha ai te mahi a te mea i pēhia i muri mai, kia mau tonu te āhua o te mahi, kia taea ai e te kaiwhakahaere, e te kaiwhakahaere rānei te tiki i te mahi mō te mahi, me tāpiri he here waro i te wā e huri ana. Ka pā te hanganga matū o tēnei here ki te mātotoru me te kaha o te mahi i pēhia. Hei whakahaere i te whakahaere, he mea tika kia tāpirihia he here kaha teitei, engari ka hua ake he mātotoru whakakīkī iti iho, ā, ka puta pea he puranga ka puta he hapa i roto i te hua whakamutunga.
I muri i te mira, ka whakamaroketia te paura ki te rehu hei whakaputa i ngā mea e rere noa ana, e herea ana e ngā mea e herea ana e ngā mea ora. Mā te whakarerekē i te hanganga o te mea e herea ana e ngā mea ora, ka taea te whakarite i te rere me te mātotoru o ēnei mea e hiahiatia ana. Mā te tātari i ngā matūriki taratara, ngā mea angiangi rānei, ka taea te whakarite anō i te tohatoha rahi o te matūriki o te mea e herea ana kia pai ai te rere ina utaina ki roto i te kōhao pokepokea ai.
Te hanga rauemi mahi
Ka taea te hanga i ngā wahi mahi warowaihā mā roto i ngā momo tikanga tukatuka. I runga i te rahi o te wahi mahi, te taumata o te uaua o te āhua, me te puranga whakaputa, ko te nuinga o ngā whakaurunga tapahi ka hangaia mā te whakamahi i ngā mate pakari pēhanga-runga me te pēhanga-raro. Hei pupuri i te ōritetanga o te taumaha me te rahi o te wahi mahi i ia pēhanga, me whakarite kia rite tonu te nui o te paura (papatipu me te rōrahi) e rere ana ki roto i te kōhao. Ko te rere o te paura te mea nui e whakahaerehia ana e te tohatoha rahi o ngā mea whakakotahi me ngā āhuatanga o te here waro. Ka hangaia ngā wahi mahi kua hangaia (ngā "pōtae") mā te whakamahi i te pēhanga hanga o te 10-80 ksi (kiro pauna ia putu tapawha) ki te paura kua utaina ki roto i te kōhao hanga.
Ahakoa i raro i te pēhanga whakarewa tino teitei, kāore ngā matūriki kāpira tungsten mārō e memeha, e whati rānei, engari ka pēhia te here rauropi ki roto i ngā āputa i waenganui i ngā matūriki kāpira tungsten, ā, ka mau te tūranga o ngā matūriki. Ka teitei ake te pēhanga, ka piri ake te hononga o ngā matūriki kāpira tungsten, ā, ka nui ake te mātotoru whakakīkī o te mea mahi. Ka rerekē pea ngā āhuatanga whakakīkī o ngā momo paura kāpira sima, i runga i te ihirangi o te here whakarewa, te rahi me te āhua o ngā matūriki kāpira tungsten, te nui o te whakakotahitanga, me te hanganga me te tāpiri o te here rauropi. Hei whakarato i ngā mōhiohio tauanga mō ngā āhuatanga whakakīkī o ngā momo paura kāpira sima, ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te mātotoru whakakīkī me te pēhanga whakakīkī ka hangaia e te kaihanga paura. Mā tēnei mōhiohio ka whakarite kia hototahi te paura i tukuna ki te tukanga whakakīkī a te kaihanga taputapu.
Ko ngā mahi kāpirati rahi-rahi, ngā mahi kāpirati rānei he nui ngā ōwehenga āhua (pērā i ngā kakau mō ngā mira mutunga me ngā wiri) ka hangaia mai i ngā momo paura kāpirati kua pēhia ōrite i roto i tētahi putea ngāwari. Ahakoa he roa ake te huringa whakaputa o te tikanga pēhi taurite i tērā o te tikanga whakahāngai, he iti ake te utu hanga o te taputapu, nō reira he pai ake tēnei tikanga mō te whakaputa puranga iti.
Ko tēnei tikanga tukatuka he maka i te paura ki roto i te putea, ka hiri i te waha o te putea, kātahi ka maka te putea ki tonu i te paura ki roto i tētahi rūma, ka pēhi i te pēhanga o te 30-60 ksi mā roto i tētahi taputapu waipēhi hei pēhi. He maha ngā wā ka mīhinihia ngā wahi mahi kua pēhia ki ngā āhua motuhake i mua i te whakatō. Ka whakanuia te rahi o te putea hei whakauru i te whakahekenga o te wahi mahi i te wā e whakakīkīhia ana, ā, hei whakarato i te tawhiti e ranea ana mō ngā mahi huri. Nā te mea me tukatuka te wahi mahi i muri i te pēhi, kāore i te tino pakari ngā whakaritenga mō te ōritetanga o te utunga ki ērā o te tikanga whakahāngai, engari he mea pai tonu kia whakarite kia rite te nui o te paura e utaina ana ki roto i te putea i ia wā. Mena he iti rawa te mātotoru utunga o te paura, ka kore pea e ranea te paura i roto i te putea, ka iti rawa te wahi mahi, ā, me para. Mena he nui rawa te mātotoru uta o te paura, ā, he nui rawa te paura e utaina ana ki roto i te putea, me tukatuka te wahi mahi kia tangohia atu te paura i muri i te pēhitanga. Ahakoa ka taea te hangarua i te paura taikaha kua tangohia, ā, ka taea te hangarua i ngā wahi mahi kua para, ka whakaitihia te hua.
Ka taea hoki te hanga i ngā wahi mahi kāpira mā te whakamahi i ngā mate whakaputa, i ngā mate werohanga rānei. He pai ake te tukanga whakaputa whakaputa mō te hanga papatipu o ngā wahi mahi āhua ōrite tuaka, ko te tukanga whakaputa werohanga ia e whakamahia ana mō te hanga papatipu o ngā wahi mahi āhua uaua. I ngā tukanga whakaputa e rua, ka whakairihia ngā taumata o te paura kāpira sima ki roto i tētahi here waro e hoatu ana he rite ki te paraihe niho ki te ranunga kāpira sima. Kātahi ka whakaputahia te matū mā roto i tētahi kōhao, ka werohia rānei ki roto i tētahi kōhao hei hanga. Ko ngā āhuatanga o te taumata o te paura kāpira sima e whakatau ana i te ōwehenga tino pai o te paura ki te here i roto i te ranunga, ā, he pānga nui ki te rere o te ranunga mā roto i te kōhao whakaputa, te werohanga rānei ki roto i te kōhao.
I muri i te hanganga o te mea mahi mā te whakahāngai, te pēhi isostatic, te extrusion, te whakahāngai werohanga rānei, me tango te here waro mai i te mea mahi i mua i te wāhanga sintering whakamutunga. Ka tangohia e te sintering te porosity mai i te mea mahi, ka tino matotoru (ka tino matotoru rānei). I te wā o te sintering, ka wai te here whakarewa i roto i te mea mahi i hangaia e te pēhi, engari ka mau tonu te āhua o te mea mahi i raro i te mahi tahi a ngā kaha capillary me te hononga matūriki.
I muri i te whakahinuhinu, ka noho tonu te āhua o te mea mahi, engari ka whakaitihia ngā ine. Hei whiwhi i te rahi e hiahiatia ana o te mea mahi i muri i te whakahinuhinu, me whai whakaaro ki te tere whakaheke i te wā e hoahoa ana i te taputapu. Me hoahoa te taumata o te paura carbide e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ia taputapu kia tika te whakaheke ina whakakīia i raro i te pēhanga tika.
I te nuinga o ngā wā, me tukatuka i muri i te whakakoi i te mea mahi kua whakakoitia. Ko te maimoatanga taketake o ngā taputapu tapahi ko te whakakoi i te mata tapahi. He maha ngā taputapu me huri i ō rātou āhua me ngā rahi i muri i te whakakoi. Ko ētahi taputapu me huri i runga me raro; ko ētahi me huri i te taha (me te whakakoi, te kore rānei i te mata tapahi). Ka taea te hangarua i ngā maramara waro katoa mai i te huri.
Paninga mahi
I ngā wā maha, me pania te mea mahi kua oti. Ka whakaratohia e te paninga he hinu whakahinuhinu me te whakanui ake i te pakeke, me te ārai horapa ki te papa, ka ārai i te waikura ina pāngia e ngā pāmahana teitei. He mea nui te papa karāti sima mō te mahi o te paninga. Haunga te whakarite i ngā āhuatanga matua o te paura matrix, ka taea hoki te whakarite i ngā āhuatanga mata o te matrix mā te kōwhiringa matū me te whakarerekē i te tikanga sintering. Mā te hekenga o te cobalt, ka taea te whakanui ake i te cobalt i roto i te paparanga o waho o te mata o te mata i roto i te matotoru o te 20-30 μm i te toenga o te mea mahi, kia pai ake ai te kaha me te pakari o te mata o te papa, kia kaha ake ai te ātete ki te whakarerekētanga.
I runga i tā rātou ake tukanga hanga (pēnei i te tikanga dewaxing, te tere whakamahana, te wā sintering, te pāmahana me te ngaohiko carburizing), tera pea he whakaritenga motuhake a te kaihanga taputapu mō te taumata o te paura carbide sima e whakamahia ana. Tērā pea ka sinned e ētahi kaihanga taputapu te mea mahi i roto i te oumu korehau, ko ētahi ka whakamahi i te oumu sintering pehi isostatic wera (HIP) (e pēhi ana i te mea mahi tata ki te mutunga o te huringa tukanga hei tango i ngā toenga) ngā pore). Ko ngā mea mahi i sinned i roto i te oumu korehau me pēhi isostatic pea mā te tukanga tāpiri hei whakanui ake i te mātotoru o te mea mahi. Tērā pea ka whakamahi ētahi kaihanga taputapu i ngā pāmahana sintering korehau teitei ake hei whakanui ake i te mātotoru sinted o ngā ranunga he iti ake te ihirangi cobalt, engari mā tēnei huarahi ka whakakoi i ō rātou hanganga moroiti. Hei pupuri i te rahi o te witi pai, ka taea te whiriwhiri i ngā paura he iti ake te rahi o te matūriki o te tungsten carbide. Hei taurite ki ngā taputapu whakaputa motuhake, he rerekē hoki ngā whakaritenga o ngā tikanga dewaxing me te ngaohiko carburizing mō te ihirangi waro i roto i te paura carbide sima.
Whakarōpūtanga tohu
Ko ngā panonitanga whakakotahitanga o ngā momo paura tungsten carbide rerekē, te hanganga ranunga me te ihirangi here whakarewa, te momo me te nui o te aukati tipu witi, me ētahi atu, ka hanga i ngā momo taumata carbide sima. Mā ēnei tawhā ka whakatau i te hanganga moroiti o te carbide sima me ōna āhuatanga. Ko ētahi huinga āhuatanga motuhake kua noho hei kaupapa matua mō ētahi tono tukatuka motuhake, nā reira he mea nui te whakarōpū i ngā taumata carbide sima rerekē.
Ko ngā pūnaha whakarōpūtanga kāpirati e rua e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā mahi miihini ko te pūnaha tohu C me te pūnaha tohu ISO. Ahakoa kāore tētahi o ngā pūnaha e whakaata katoa ana i ngā āhuatanga rauemi e awe ana i te whiriwhiri i ngā tohu kāpirati sima, he tīmatanga kōrero ēnei. Mō ia whakarōpūtanga, he maha ngā kaihanga he tohu motuhake ā rātou, ā, he maha ngā momo tohu kāpirati e hua ake ai.
Ka taea hoki te whakarōpū i ngā tohu kāpirapa mā te hanganga. Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā tohu kāpirapa tungsten (WC) kia toru ngā momo matua: te māmā, te moroiti tioata me te konukōre. Ko ngā tohu simplex he mea hanga ki ngā here kāpirapa tungsten me te cobalt, engari tera pea he iti noa ngā aukati tipu witi kei roto. Ko te tohu moroiti tioata he mea hanga ki te kāpirapa tungsten me te here cobalt i tāpirihia ki ētahi mano o te kāpirapa vanadium (VC) me (ranei) te kāpirapa chromium (Cr3C2), ā, ka taea e te rahi o tōna witi te tae ki te 1 μm, iti iho rānei. Ko ngā tohu konukōre he mea hanga ki ngā here kāpirapa tungsten me te cobalt kei roto he torutoru ōrau o te kāpirapa titanium (TiC), te kāpirapa tantalum (TaC), me te kāpirapa niobium (NbC). E mōhiotia ana hoki ēnei tāpiritanga ko ngā kāpirapa cubic nā ō rātou āhuatanga sintering. Ko te hanganga moroiti ka puta he hanganga toru-wāhanga kore-ōrite.
1) Ngā momo kāpirati māmā
Ko ēnei momo mō te tapahi whakarewa he 3% ki te 12% te konupora (mā te taumaha). Ko te whānuitanga o te rahi o ngā pata tungsten carbide kei waenganui i te 1-8 μm. Pērā i ētahi atu momo, ko te whakaiti i te rahi o te matūriki o te tungsten carbide ka whakanui ake i tōna pakeke me te kaha pakaru whakawhiti (TRS), engari ka whakaitihia tōna pakari. Ko te pakeke o te momo parakore kei waenganui i te HRA89-93.5; ko te kaha pakaru whakawhiti kei waenganui i te 175-350ksi. Tērā pea he nui ngā rauemi hangarua kei roto i ngā paura o ēnei momo.
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā momo māka māmā ki te C1-C4 i roto i te pūnaha māka C, ā, ka taea te whakarōpū i runga i te raupapa māka K, N, S me te H i roto i te pūnaha māka ISO. Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā māka Simplex me ngā āhuatanga waenga hei māka whānui (pēnei i te C2, K20 rānei) ā, ka taea te whakamahi mō te huri, te mira, te whakarite me te keri; ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā māka he iti ake te rahi o te kōhao, he iti ake rānei te ihirangi kobalt me te pakeke ake hei māka whakaoti (pēnei i te C4, K01 rānei); ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā māka he nui ake te rahi o te kōhao, he nui ake rānei te ihirangi kobalt me te pakari ake hei māka taratara (pēnei i te C1, K30 rānei).
Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā taputapu i hangaia i roto i ngā karaehe Simplex mō te miihini i te rino maka, te maitai kore waikura raupapa 200 me te 300, te konumohe me ētahi atu konganuku kore-ferrous, ngā superalloys me ngā maitai whakapakeke. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ēnei karaehe i roto i ngā mahi tapahi kore-whakarewa (hei tauira, hei taputapu keri toka me te whenua), ā, ko te whānuitanga o te rahi o te kōhao o ēnei karaehe he 1.5-10μm (nui ake rānei) me te ihirangi cobalt o te 6%-16%. Ko tētahi atu whakamahinga tapahi kore-whakarewa o ngā karaehe carbide māmā ko te hanga i ngā mate me ngā punch. Ko te nuinga o ēnei karaehe he rahi kōhao waenga me te ihirangi cobalt o te 16%-30%.
(2) Ngā momo kāpira sima moroiti-kiriata
Ko te tikanga, kei roto i ēnei momo ko te 6%-15% te konupora. I te wā e whakatōngia ana te wai, mā te tāpiri i te vanadium carbide me/ranei te chromium carbide ka taea te whakahaere i te tipu o te witi kia whiwhi ai i te hanganga witi pai me te rahi matūriki iti iho i te 1 μm. He tino pakeke tēnei momo witi pai, ā, he kaha pakaru whakawhiti neke atu i te 500ksi. Mā te whakakotahitanga o te kaha teitei me te pakari rawaka ka taea e ēnei momo te whakamahi i te koki rake pai ake, e whakaiti ana i ngā kaha tapahi, ā, ka puta he maramara angiangi mā te tapahi kaua ki te pana i te rauemi whakarewa.
Mā te tautuhi kounga tino pakari o ngā rauemi mata i roto i te hanga i ngā momo paura karāhe sima, me te whakahaere tino pakari i ngā āhuatanga o te tukanga whakahinuhinu hei ārai i te hanganga o ngā kōpura nui rawa atu i roto i te hanganga moroiti o te rauemi, ka taea te whiwhi i ngā āhuatanga rauemi e tika ana. Kia iti ai, kia ōrite ai te rahi o te kōpura, me whakamahi noa i te paura hangarua mēnā he mana whakahaere katoa o te rauemi mata me te tukanga whakaora, ā, he whakamātautau kounga whānui hoki.
Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā kōeke moroiti tioata kia rite ki te raupapa kōeke M i roto i te pūnaha kōeke ISO. Hei tāpiri, ko ētahi atu tikanga whakarōpū i roto i te pūnaha kōeke C me te pūnaha kōeke ISO he rite tonu ki ngā kōeke parakore. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā kōeke moroiti tioata hei hanga taputapu hei tapahi i ngā rauemi mahi ngohengohe, nā te mea ka taea te mīhini i te mata o te taputapu kia tino maeneene, ā, ka taea te pupuri i te mata tapahi tino koi.
Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā karaehe moroitikiriata hei mīhini i ngā konukōre nui e hangai ana ki te nikara, nā te mea ka taea e rātou te tu atu i ngā pāmahana tapahi tae atu ki te 1200°C. Mō te tukatuka i ngā konukōre nuikiriata me ētahi atu rauemi motuhake, mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu karaehe moroitikiriata me ngā taputapu karaehe parakore kei roto ko te ruthenium ka taea te whakapai ake i te ātete ki te kakahu, te ātete ki te whakarerekētanga me te pakari i te wā kotahi. He pai hoki ngā karaehe moroitikiriata mō te hanga taputapu hurihuri pērā i ngā wiri e whakaputa ana i te ahotea kutikuti. He wiri kei reira i hangaia mai i ngā karaehe hiato o te carbide sima. I roto i ngā wāhanga motuhake o te wiri kotahi, ka rerekē te ihirangi cobalt i roto i te rauemi, kia arotauhia ai te pakeke me te pakari o te wiri kia rite ki ngā hiahia tukatuka.
(3) Ngā momo karapa sima-konumohe
Ko te nuinga o ēnei momo ka whakamahia mō te tapahi i ngā wāhanga maitai, ā, ko te nui o te cobalt he 5%-10% te nuinga, ā, ko te rahi o te kōpaka kei waenga i te 0.8-2μm. Mā te tāpiri i te 4%-25% titanium carbide (TiC), ka taea te whakaiti i te auau o te tungsten carbide (WC) ki te horapa ki te mata o ngā maramara maitai. Ka taea te whakapai ake i te kaha o te taputapu, te ātete ki te kakahu o te rua me te ātete ki te ru wera mā te tāpiri i te 25% tantalum carbide (TaC) me te niobium carbide (NbC). Mā te tāpiri i ēnei momo carbide cubic ka whakanui ake i te pakeke whero o te taputapu, ka āwhina ki te karo i te whakarerekētanga wera o te taputapu i roto i te tapahi taumaha, i ētahi atu mahi rānei ka puta he pāmahana teitei i te mata tapahi. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e te titanium carbide te whakarato i ngā wāhi nucleation i te wā sintering, ka whakapai ake i te ōritetanga o te tohatoha carbide cubic i roto i te mahi.
I te nuinga o te wā, ko te awhe pakeke o ngā karaehe kāpira sima momo-koranu ko HRA91-94, ā, ko te kaha whati whakawhiti ko 150-300ksi. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā karaehe parakore, he iti ake te ātete ki te kakahu o ngā karaehe koranu, ā, he iti ake te kaha, engari he pai ake te ātete ki te kakahu piri. Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā karaehe koranu ki C5-C8 i roto i te pūnaha karaehe C, ā, ka taea te whakarōpū i runga i te raupapa karaehe P me M i roto i te pūnaha karaehe ISO. Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā karaehe koranu me ngā āhuatanga waenga hei karaehe whānui (pērā i te C6, i te P30 rānei) ā, ka taea te whakamahi mō te huri, te pato, te whakatakoto me te mira. Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā karaehe tino uaua hei karaehe whakaoti (pērā i te C8 me te P01) mō te huri whakaoti me ngā mahi keri. Ko te tikanga he iti ake te rahi o ngā kōpura o ēnei karaehe, he iti ake te ihirangi kobalt hei whiwhi i te pakeke me te ātete kakahu e hiahiatia ana. Heoi, ka taea te whiwhi i ngā āhuatanga rauemi rite mā te tāpiri atu i ngā kāpirahe pūtoru. Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā karaehe he tino pakari hei karaehe taratara (hei tauira, C5, P50 rānei). He rahi waenga te rahi o te kōhatu o ēnei māka, ā, he nui te ihirangi cobalt, me te iti o ngā tāpiringa o ngā warowaihā kikī hei whakatutuki i te pakari e hiahiatia ana mā te aukati i te tipu o te kapiti. I roto i ngā mahi hurihanga kua whakaroahia, ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi tapahi mā te whakamahi i ngā māka whai-cobalt kua whakahuatia ake nei me te ihirangi cobalt teitei ake i runga i te mata o te taputapu.
Ko ngā momo koranu he iti ake te ihirangi titanium carbide e whakamahia ana mō te miihini i te maitai kore waikura me te rino ngāwari, engari ka taea hoki te whakamahi mō te miihini i ngā konganuku kore-ferrous pērā i ngā superalloys e hangai ana ki te nickel. Ko te rahi o te kōhao o ēnei momo he iti iho i te 1 μm, ā, ko te ihirangi cobalt he 8%-12%. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā momo pakeke, pērā i te M10, mō te huri i te rino ngāwari; ko ngā momo uaua, pērā i te M40, ka taea te whakamahi mō te mira me te whakakoi i te maitai, mō te huri rānei i te maitai kore waikura, i ngā superalloys rānei.
Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā karaehe kāpira sima momo-koranu mō ngā mahi tapahi kore-whakarewa, ko te nuinga mō te hanga i ngā wāhanga ātete-pakaru. Ko te rahi o te matūriki o ēnei karaehe he 1.2-2 μm te nuinga, ā, ko te ihirangi kobalt he 7%-10%. I te wā e hangaia ana ēnei karaehe, he nui te ōrau o ngā rauemi mata hangarua ka tāpirihia, ka hua ake he utu-whai hua nui i roto i ngā tono wāhanga kakahu. Me ātete pai te wāhanga kakahu ki te waikura me te pakeke teitei, ka taea te whiwhi mā te tāpiri i te nikara me te kāpira chromium i te wā e hangaia ana ēnei karaehe.
Hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga hangarau me ngā whakaritenga ōhanga a ngā kaihanga taputapu, ko te paura kāpira te mea matua. Mā ngā paura i hangaia mō ngā taputapu miihini me ngā tawhā tukanga a ngā kaihanga taputapu ka whakarite i te mahi a te mea kua oti, ā, kua hua ake he rau ngā momo kāpira. Mā te āhua hangarua o ngā rauemi kāpira me te kaha ki te mahi tika me ngā kaiwhakarato paura ka taea e ngā kaihanga taputapu te whakahaere pai i te kounga o ā rātou hua me ngā utu rauemi.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-18-2022
